Rules on capital requirements for credit institutions and investment firms aim to put in place a comprehensive and risk-sensitive framework and to foster enhanced risk management amongst financial institutions.
The rules are meant to ensure financial stability, maintain confidence in financial institutions and protect consumers.
The recent financial crisis has highlighted the need for an EU-wide effective crisis management for cross-border financial institutions. Over the years, the Single Market has grown in size and in importance and now features a high degree of integration, not least because of the fact that a single passport and free establishment are guaranteed under a Treaty. While banking law is extensively harmonised in Europe, so far crisis management was not.
As of 1 January 2011, the new European supervisory structure has become operational in order to ensure an optimal supervision of the financial sector with a view to monitoring and averting future crises.
Besides the European Systemic Risk Council (ESRC), responsible for macro-prudential supervision, the new supervisory bodies at micro-prudential level are:
Liquidity is the ability of a bank to fund increases in assets and meet obligations as they come due, without incurring unacceptable losses. The fundamental role of banks in the maturity transformation of short-term deposits into long-term loans makes banks inherently vulnerable to liquidity risk, both of an institution-specific nature and that which affects markets as a whole. Virtually every financial transaction or commitment has implications for a bank’s liquidity.